Bouchard



July 12, 1960 o. BOUCHARD COMBUSTION GAS RECUPERATOR AND SMELL AND SMOKECONSUMER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed April 28, 1953 kmSQbQ as Q an QEva/n16. d724 United States Patent Ofiice Re. 24,844 Reissued July 12,1960 COMBUSTION GAS RECUPERATOR AND SNIELL AND SMOKE CONSUMER OvideBouchard, deceased, late of Quebec, Canada, by Marie VilleneuveBouchard, legal representative, Riviere des Prairies, Quebec, Canada,assignor to Daniel N. (lvllrowley, Peabody, and Aime A. Gauthier, Salem,

ass.

Original No. 2,811,937, dated Nov. 5, 1957, Ser. No. 351,669, Apr. 28,1953. Application for reissue Oct. 30, 1959, Ser. No. 856,883

4 Claims. (Cl. l10-8) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets II] appears inthe original patent but forms no part of this reissue specification;matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to a combustion gas recuperator and smell andsmoke consumer.

More especially, the invention relates to a burner for all kinds offuelssolid, liquid or gas--and finds useful application in incinerators,stoves and furnaces.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a fuel burningdevice of high eiu'ciency and promoting complete combustion.

A specific object is to provide an attachment adapted easily to beapplied to a stove or a furnace, by which the unburned gases within thecombustion chamber are separated from the burnt gases and mixed withair, and the mixture returned to the combustion chamber.

Another specific object is to provide a sealed garbage incinerator ofgreatly increased efficiency and operating to consume or burn a verylarge proportion of the gases generated by the combustion of thecombustible matter comprised in the garbage.

Another specific object is to provide a fuel burner, especially anincinerator, wherein a grate system is manually adjustable to vary theeifective area of the air inlet.

In the drawings, wherein like numerals of reference indicatecorresponding parts of the various figures,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the incinerator;

Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of Figure 1, looking from right to left.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, which show a garbageincinerator embodying the invention, 10 is a housing. The housing isconstructed to Withstand high temperatures, and includes a refractorylining (not shown). The casing is divided by a refractory partition orwall 12 into two chambers, 13 and 14, in communication one with theother through openings or jets 15.

The charge of garbage to be burned. in the incinerator is fed or loadedinto the chamber 13 by an inclined tubular chute 16 extending throughone wall of the casing. A suitable manually-operated pivoted door 18within the chute serves, when closed, to prevent escape of gases andwhen open, to admit the charge. The chute is formed with a dome 19.

The garbage sliding down through the chute 16 falls upon the grate,generally shown as 20, within the first or igniting chamber 13. Thegrate extends rearwardly toward, but terminates short of, the aperturedpartition 12.

A section of the grate, shown as 22, is preferably horizontal and isdisposed at a distance forwardly of the partition 12. The front edge ofthe grate section 22 abuts and is in part supported by one wall 23 of anoil buming chamber 24. Suitable oil burning apparatus B is opera-ted toburn oil within the chamber, the burning gases being projected into thechamber 13 through orifices or jets 26. The jets enter the chamber 13adjacent to the partition 12 and adjacent to the jets 15.

Forwardly of the fixed horizontal grate section 22 is a series oftransverse grate sections 27 pivotally supported at their opposite endsin the side walls of the casing so as to be rocked or angularly adjustedon their axes or pivots. Each such section, which is formed withparallel slots or vents 31, is formed to present a fiat or straightgarbage-supported surface 32 and an end arcuate depending portion 33.The radius of the portion 33 has as its centre the axis of the pivotssupporting such section, and the axes of the respective sections are sospaced that the outer face of the arcuate portion of each grate sectionlies close to the adjacent rearward section, irrespective of the angularposition of the sections. The pivots of each of the sectionsconveniently take the form of trunnions 32 one of which may projectthrough one of the side walls of the casing. The outer or projectingportion of such trunnion may he, say square in cross section, so thatthe section may be rocked from the outside of the casing as with asuitable wrench-like tool.

By altering the angular position of the grate sections, the effectiveair-intake capacity of the grate can be varied, being increased as thesections are angularly displaced or rocked to bring the portion 32 ofthe section toward horizontal position and being decreased as thesections are displaced in the opposite direction.

Communicating with the lower end of the chamber 14 through an opening 35is the lower end of a duct 36; the other end of the duct opens into thehousing of a suitable fan 37 by the operation of which the lower strataof gases in the chamber 14 are sucked and forced up into a chimney 38.

Leading from the roof of the chamber 13 is a duct 39, the duct beingoperatively connected to one side of a blower 40 driven by an electricmotor. The discharge end of the blower is operatively connected as byduct 43 with the chamber 13 below the grate. The hot gases sucked out ofthe chamber 13 are thus returned into the chamber and forced up throughthe grate. The dome 19 is conconsist of a box or casing 46 secured toone (inlet) side of the blower 40 and interposed in the length of theduct 39. One side of the casing is formed with a conical portion 49having an opening defined by flange 45 by which the casing is secured tothe blower. The opposite side of the casing is formed with a circularopening defined by a circular collar or flange 52 slidably receiving apipe 53. The pipe 53 carries an adjustable damper 54. The pipe 53' isadjustably secured in the collar 52 as by a screw 55. As the inner endof the pipe 53 is presented to the conical shaped end wall portion 49 ofthe box 46, the effective communication between the duct 39 and theblower varies according to the position of the pipe 53 within the box.The volume of air sucked into the blower will be constant for apredetermined speed of the blower and for a predetermined setting of thepipe 53, whereas the volume of gases sucked into the blower varies withthe longitudinal position of the pipe 53. Therefore, the air to gasratio of the mixture entering the blower (and being discharged into thechamber 13) can be determined with fair accuracy.

Also leading from the roof of the chamber 14 is a duct which iseffectively connected to the opposite (inlet) side of the blower 40, anair admission device similar to that previously described beingeffectively interposed in the length on the duct 60 (see Figure 3).

A charge of garbage is dumped into-the chamber 13,

and the door 18closed. The charge'should preferably be suh thatthechamber is fairly Well fiiled. The bloweris "turned on, and the oilburnernext turned on. The burningoil willignite part of the garbageadjacent to the parti- ;tionlZ. As the volume of the'mixture of air andgases entering the chamber '13 is greater than the volume of gas "suckedout of the chamber 13, through the duct 39,

the burning gases will pass through the vents or jets 15, to bedischarged'intothe second or combustion chamber "The partition 12,especially around the jets 15, be-

comes h'eated. When the partition is adequateiy heated,

theoil burner may be turned off. The heat generated within the chamber13 heats the charge of garbage, distilling the same to release thegases. The gases not -ignited in the'chamber 13, mostly CO, rise upthrough the charge to be sucked out of the chamber and mixed with air inthe air admission device. The mixture is forced into the chamber 13below the grate by the blower. The processing of the garbage continuesuntil all the combustible gases have been burned.

With the burning gases entering the second chamber 14,

there may be some unconsumed combustible gases in the -form of CO. Theburned gases or CO gravitate toward thebottom of the chamber and aresucked out into the chimney. Any CO, on the other hand, rises to theroof of'the' chamber and is sucked out of the chamber and through theair admission device associated with such chamber. Such gases are mixedwith air in the air admission device and forced'into the chamber 13, tobe burned withinthe chamber.

What is claimed is:

1. In' fuel burningapparatus, a first chamber, a grate in said chamber,a second chamber, a vertical wall forming the division between saidchambers, said wall orifice for sucking gases out of said second chamberfor discharging such gases to atmosphere, and an outside duct connectingthe top of said second chamber with said first chamber below said grate,said last-mentioned ductbeing operatively associated with saidfirst-mentioned sucking means for sucking gases into said last-mentioneddu ct'for delivery of such gases into said first chamber, a second'airadmission device interposed in said last-men- .4 tioned duct foradmitting air from atmosphere into said last-mentioned duct to mix withthe gases sucked out of said second chamber.

2. In the apparatus of claim 1, said grate comprising a plurality ofpivotally supported grate sections disposed in contiguous stepped-upsequence, each of said sections having a 'fla'tfslbttedortion and adepending arcuate slotted portion, the arrangement being such "thatthe--'arcuate portion"of one section lies in close "proximity tothes'ight poi tibn" fan-adjaent section irrespectiveoftheirielatiiieiotarYpositions. v

3. In a fuelburning' dppariztus, a fiist ichambor, agrate in'saidchamber, a second chamber, a vertical wall forming thedivisionbetwen-said chambers, said wall having an orificeafiording'"cbmfnunickriion between'said chambQi'S, a burner operativelyassocidtbd withsaid first chamber for igniting combustible material onsaid grate, an outside duct connactifigihe top oj's'aid first chamberwith said first-chamber'belowsaidgm'te, means operatively associatedwitlrsaid ductfor sucking gasesout of said first chamber into said ductfor delivery of"such gases back into said first chamber, meanscommunicatin with said second chamber below said orifice for suckinggases out of said second chamber for discharging "such gases toatmosphere, and an outside duct conn'ectingthe top of said secondchamber with said first chamber below said grate, said last-m'eritionedduct being operatively associated with said first-mentioned suckingmeans for suckz'ng gases into last-mentioned duct for delivery of suchguses'into said first chamber, air admission means operativelyassociated with said first-mentioned sucking means for admitting airfromntmosphere to mix with the gases sucked out of said first and'secondchamber.

4. In the apparatus of' claim 3, said' gr'ateco'mprising a plurality ofpivot'ally supported igrale sections disposed in contiguous stepped-upsequence, each 'of suid sections having a flat slotted fuel-supportingporlion and a depending'arcuate slotted portion, the arrangement beingsuch that the'mcuate portion" of one sectionlies'in close proximity tothestraight p'oriionbf'anadjacnt'section irrespective of their relativerotary positions.

References Cited "in the file of this patent or the origmalpatent UNITEDSTATES PATENTS

